The news that a very significant portion of illicit Cocaine is being cut with Levamisole (Wormicid, Levasole), a veterinary de-worming agent, at the countr[y/ies] of origin, has serious global implications. I believe it is very important for all of us to contribute to the creation of a comprehensive text document that can be distributed via e-mail and posted on websites with all relevant and currently known information about this problem. Currently there is a good thread in DiTM Front Page with several news articles about this subject that are full of poignant information.

Cocaine users risking skin rot and immune failure from Levamisole. Veterinary drug Levamisole was found in four- fifths of seized cocaine. It has side effects. Making Crack With Levamisole Injectable. Creole Fires Kat Martin Pdf Printer on this page. Levamisole Cocaine Cocaine Levamisole Toxicity. The cocaine can be either smoked as crack cocaine.

A recent trend in cocaine production and distribution is steadily becoming a growing concern for illicit cocaine users. An old pharmaceutical that was withdrawn from the US market in 2000 and currently only resides in veterinary practice has cropped up as a prevalent cocaine cut. Levamisole, an and that leads to severe health problems such as and is increasingly being used to cut cocaine. *How prevalent is this phenomenon?* Most recent official figures show approximately 70% of cocaine in the US to be cut with levamisole however regional studies have demonstrated findings up to 90% in some areas. While I do not have prevalence data in other countries, levamisole has been found throughout the western hemisphere, western europe and Australia as well.

Since the data collection on this is not yet widespread and largely conducted by law enforcement seizures of bulk product, the problem could be even larger than current estimates and the trend is certainly growing. Below is a chart by the DEA on the trend. *Why is Levamisole used?* Below are excerpts from an article on the website explaining why they suspect levamisole is being used to cut and possibly potentiate cocaine.

Historically the cutting has been done closer to the street level, however the prevalence of the levamisole cut suggests that its being added higher up the cocaine production/distribution chain before even entering target market countries such as the United States. Suspected reasons why and how this is occuring will be discussed below. In 2004, a controversy erupted in the horse-racing world.

A string of trainers with long and distinguished reputations were accused of doping their horses after aminorex, an amphetamine, was detected in their animals' urine. The horses had been injected with levamisole for deworming, which their bodies metabolized into speed.

Studies in the 1970s had discovered that dogs experienced 'mood elevation' after receiving doses of levamisole. And a 1998 study at Vanderbilt University showed that levamisole eased withdrawal symptoms in rats addicted to morphine.

That study caught the attention of Dr. Wintransfer Download Firefox. Mike Clark, an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harborview Medical Center, who also studies cocaine addiction in lab rats. 'According to the study, levamisole acts on all three monoamine neurotransmitters,' he says. 'That's exactly what you'd expect from something that potentiates cocaine.' In other words, levamisole may heighten cocaine's effects—or might be a stimulant all by itself.

In the next few weeks, Dr. Clark will begin an experiment of his own to find out (among other things) whether levamisole, without any cocaine, can produce cocainelike effects in lab rats. The same peice by The Stranger further elucidates how this cut can largely go undetected as it is passed down the supply chain. • Something about the chemical structure of levamisole retains the iridescent fish-scale sheen of pure cocaine, according to a chemist with ties to the cocaine trade, giving cocaine cut with levamisole the same appearance as pure cocaine. • Levamisole is a bulking agent for crack. The process of making crack involves 'washing' cocaine and filtering out impurities and cutting agents. Levamisole slips through this process, meaning you can produce more volume of crack with less pure cocaine.